Luminosity by Attrition

Evolution of Galaxy Luminosity Function and Luminosity Function by Density

Using galaxy sample observed by the BATC large-field multi-color sky survey and galaxy data of SDSS in the overlapped fields, we study the dependence of the restframe r-band galaxy luminosity function on redshift and on large-scale environment. The large-scale environment is defined by isodensity contour with density contrast δρ/ρ. The data set is a composite sample of 69,671 galaxies with reds...

Attrition Bias

Luminosity * †

where v+(v−) is the common velocity of all the particles in bunch +(−). Eq. (1) is a relativistic invariant, has dimensions of 1/area, and is valid for arbitrary velocities v±. (Generalization to the case when the velocity distributions are not homogeneous is given in Ref. 2.) For a storage ring collider with bunch spacing sB , bunches collide periodically with frequency fc = βc/sB . For a line...

Increasing the Integrated Luminosity of Slhc by Luminosity Levelling via the Crossing Angle

With an increase of luminosity by a factor of 10, the luminosity lifetime in an upgraded LHC would decrease from 15 hours to two to four hours, depending on the upgrade strategy. If the luminosity increase is achieved primarily by a stronger and more efficient focusing rather than a beam current increase, the luminosity lifetime is in the low bound of this range. We show in this paper that the ...

The Suppression of Immune System Disorders by Passive Attrition

Exposure to infectious diseases has an unexpected benefit of inhibiting autoimmune diseases and allergies. This is one of many fundamental fitness tradeoffs associated with immune system architecture. The immune system attacks pathogens, but also may (inappropriately) attack the host. Exposure to pathogens can suppress the deleterious response, at the price of illness and the decay of immunity ...